Bradycardia as a Rare Sign of Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report ...

Pulmonary Embolism Directory

A pulmonary embolism is a blockage in an artery in the lung. It is usually due to a blood clot that has traveled to the lung from another part of the body, usually the leg. This type of blood clot is called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A pulmonary embolism is a serious, possibly life-threatening condition that can block blood flow to the lungs. This decreases blood oxygen levels and can lead to organ damage. A pulmonary embolism requires emergency medical treatment. Follow the links below to find WebMD's comprehensive coverage about how a pulmonary embolism develops, what it looks like, how to treat it, and much more.

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Boston Scientific Initiates First-of-a-Kind Study For Pulmonary Embolism Treatment

A new study using Boston Scientific's EkoSonic endovascular system (EKOS) aims to address current gaps in clinical guidelines for the treatment of pulmonary embolism.

The first-of-its-kind trial will compare the EKOS in combination with anticoagulation to anticoagulation alone for the treatment of acute, intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE).

The HI-PEITHO clinical trial is a collaborative research study with the pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) consortium and the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.

Each year nearly one million patients in the United States and Europe are affected by PE, a blood clot causing a blockage in one or more pulmonary arteries within the lungs, representing the leading cause of in-hospital death in the United States. In intermediate-risk or high-risk cases of pulmonary embolism, the blockage may lead to a strain on the heart's ability to pump blood through the lungs and can be fatal. The current standard of care for PE is anticoagulation, though there are disparate guidelines to direct safe and effective treatment of patients with intermediate-high-risk PE, Boston Scientific noted.

"This first-of-its-kind international randomized controlled trial is intended to address current gaps in clinical guidelines and underscores our support of the highest level of research that may enable physicians to make data-based clinical decisions when choosing the best therapy for their patients with PE," said Michael R. Jaff, D.O., chief medical officer and vice president of clinical affairs, technology, and innovation for Boston Scientific's peripheral interventions business.

The EKOS system uses ultrasound energy in combination with a thrombolytic drug to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow in patients with pulmonary embolism and peripheral arterial occlusions. The ultrasound technology used by the EKOS system accelerates thrombolysis – the breakdown of the clot – minimizing the time it takes to treat a patient and lowering the necessary thrombolytic dose, which can result in optimized outcomes and a lower risk of bleeding.

"I am honored to be part of this study's global leadership whose mission is to bring forth guidelines-informing data that will ensure physicians can feel confident in the most appropriate strategy for treating patients with intermediate-high-risk PE," said Stavros Konstantinides MD, PhD, study co-lead principal investigator, professor and medical director at the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.

The randomized HI-PEITHO trial is expected to enroll up to 544 patients with confirmed acute, intermediate-high-risk PE at as many as 65 sites in the United States and Europe. The trial, which will follow patients for one year, will assess whether treatment with the EKOS system in combination with anticoagulation is associated with a significant reduction in adverse events compared to anticoagulation alone, within seven days of randomization. The composite primary endpoint is defined as PE-related mortality, cardiorespiratory decompensation or collapse and non-fatal symptomatic and objectively confirmed recurrence of PE. 

"Optimal treatment of PE is still poorly understood and there is a need for a coordinated institutional approach to this complex, life-threatening problem," said Kenneth Rosenfield, MD, study co-lead principal investigator and section head of vascular medicine and intervention in the division of cardiology at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. "The lead investigators of the trial are pleased to collaborate with the PERT Consortium, which is committed to evidence-driven therapy and is proud to take part in the HI-PEITHO study, aiming to advance the care of patients with PE."

Concerning CT Findings Increase Health Care Utilization With Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism

TUESDAY, July 18, 2023 (HealthDay News) -- Concerning computed tomography (CT) findings among patients with low-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) are associated with increased hospitalization and resource utilization without short-term adverse clinical outcomes, according to a study recently published in JAMA Network Open.

Connor O'Hare, M.D., from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and colleagues examined whether concerning CT findings among patients seen in the emergency department with acute, low-risk PE are associated with differences in treatment and/or clinical outcome. The analysis included 817 adults with PE characterized as high risk or low risk (bilateral central embolus, right ventricle-to-left ventricle ratio greater than 1.0, right ventricle enlargement, septal abnormality, or pulmonary infarction).

The researchers found that 40.5 percent of PEs were low risk and 59.5 percent were high risk by PE Severity Index score. For all low-risk patients, clinical outcomes were similar, with no 30-day deaths in the low-risk group with concerning CTPE findings (0 of 151 patients) versus four of 180 (2.2 percent) in the low-risk group without concerning CT findings and 18.1 percent in the high-risk group. Compared with those without concerning CTPE findings, low-risk patients with concerning CT findings were less frequently discharged from the emergency department (2.0 versus 7.8 percent). Additionally, low-risk patients with concerning findings had more frequent echocardiography (57.6 versus 27.2 percent without concerning findings) and PE response team activation for consideration of advanced therapies (22.5 versus 6.1 percent).

"These findings suggest that concerning computed tomography imaging findings may be a significant barrier to outpatient treatment among patients with otherwise low-risk acute PE," the authors write.

One author disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

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