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What To Know About Cystic Fibrosis And Constipation
Extra mucus in the digestive tracts of people with CF causes stool to move more slowly and slows the production of enzymes, causing blockages and constipation. Laxatives can often help, but severe cases may require surgery.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that affects mucous membranes throughout your body. Its most significant effects tend to be on your lungs and digestive system.
Children and adults with CF often experience digestive symptoms such as constipation and bowel obstruction. Keep reading to learn more about how CF contributes to these symptoms and what you can do to manage or even prevent them.
CF causes your body to make thick and sticky mucus. Mucus should act as a slippery lining that protects organs, airways, and the digestive tract. In CF, mucus can cause blockages in organs and passageways.
Digestive enzymes move from the pancreas into the small intestine, where they work with bile from the liver to digest food. In CF, mucus builds up in the tubes that connect the pancreas to the small intestine. The blockage results in pancreatic inflammation, limiting the production of enzymes. This is called pancreatic insufficiency.
Because of pancreatic insufficiency, someone with CF can have many digestive symptoms, including constipation and DIOS.
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) is a complication of CF that can cause symptoms similar to constipation, like bloating and abdominal pain.
Constipation is when stool builds up in your large intestine (colon). DIOS occurs when mucus and food waste form a mass that obstructs the distal part of your small intestine, where it joins the large intestine.
DIOS affects 10–22% of people with CF. It's more common in adults than children but can affect both. A blockage from DIOS may be complete or incomplete.
Symptoms of intestinal blockage from DIOS include:
Doctors can confirm DIOS with X-rays or other imaging.
Parents and people with CF can often resolve constipation or mild DIOS with conservative measures like laxatives. You may want to consult a doctor if you or your child experience severe symptoms.
LaxativesPolyethylene glycol electrolyte solutions such as MiraLAX or GoLYTELY can relieve constipation or mild DIOS. Parents should look for a pediatric formulation or consult their doctor for the right dose.
Nasogastric tubeA nasogastric (NG) tube goes into your stomach through your nose to drain your stomach. A doctor will place an NG tube in the hospital. Emptying the stomach can prevent you from vomiting bile.
Your doctor may also put you on intravenous fluids. They may also administer laxatives or digestive enzymes orally or through the tube.
SurgeryIn very rare cases, a doctor may recommend surgery for DIOS. Surgical options include small bowel resection, where a surgeon removes part of the bowel.
A doctor may consider surgery if there is loss of blood flow to the intestines (intestinal ischemia). Signs of intestinal ischemia in children are:
Surgery for DIOS is high risk and typically a last resort.
In infantsDoctors may recommend adequate fluid intake and laxatives for infants with CF who have constipation. They also may recommend an ongoing protocol of laxatives to take at home for children under 1 year of age.
Constipation and intestinal blockage can become severe. You may want to consult a doctor if you or your child experience:
Adults and children with CF often take steps to keep their bowels moving. Such steps include:
Since CF can change the bacterial balance in the gut, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Some people choose to take probiotics to replenish the good bacteria in the gut. Food sources of probiotics include:
It's a good idea to discuss supplements or diet changes with a doctor.
Children and adults with CF often have constipation. You can often manage symptoms with digestive enzymes, laxatives, and increased fluid intake.
In the case of intestinal blockage, a doctor may use a nasogastric tube to drain your stomach. Surgery is a last resort to treat blockage.
Why You Shouldn't Ignore Abdominal Bloating And Ways To Prevent It
Abdominal bloating is a condition that affects most individuals due to various reasons. It can cause a tight sensation accompanied by pressure and fullness in your abdomen. Usually, it does not show any visually noticeable swelling or a distended abdomen, but the feeling of discomfort may range from barely irritating to excruciatingly agonising, says Dr Girish SP, Lead Consultant-General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aster RV Hospital, Bengaluru, adding that it normally fades away in time, and can recur in some people.
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Girish explains why abdominal bloating occurs, symptoms to expect simultaneously, and ways to prevent it.
Prevalence Of Abdominal BloatingAccording to Dr Girish, about 10-25% of normally healthy individuals report having periodic abdominal bloating. Up to 75% of people report that their symptoms range from moderate to severe, and 10% of people claim to have it on a regular basis, he says, adding that it could be as high as 90% among people with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Also Read: Experiencing Diarrhoea And Other Digestive Issues? It Could Be SIBO; Know What It Is
As per a study published in the Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, abdominal bloating is a common symptom affecting up to 76% of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and 6–13% of the general population in Western countries. FGIDs are a group of medical conditions characterised by chronic or recurring gastrointestinal symptoms without evidence of structural or biochemical abnormalities. Common examples include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and functional constipation.
Another study published in the Journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found a prevalence rate of bloating ranging from 16% to 30% of the US population, with women and those with GI disorders experiencing more frequent and severe symptoms.
Common Cause Of Abdominal Bloating"Constipation is a typical contributor to bloating," says Dr Girish. This is because one of the symptoms of constipation is having fewer bowel movements than usual. The longer your stool remains in your colon, the longer it takes the bacteria to ferment it, which can lead to abdominal fullness, gas, and bloating. "Even if you have regular bowel movements, you could still remain constipated," he adds, sharing other constipation signs and symptoms:
Dr Girish also notes that bloating can occur both before and throughout the menstrual cycle for up to 75% of women. Bloating during menstruation is attributed to hormonal fluctuations, specifically elevated levels of progesterone, which can lead to water retention and gastrointestinal changes. These hormonal shifts can slow down digestion, cause gas accumulation, and result in abdominal bloating and discomfort.
According to a study published in the Journal BMC Women's Health, 31% had multiple primary gastrointestinal symptoms, either premenstrually or during menses. The paper says, "The prevalence of each GI symptom was similar across the two phases, with abdominal pain and diarrhoea being the most common primary symptoms, and the secondary GI symptom of bloating being experienced most frequently overall."
When Is Abdominal Bloating Serious And Why You Shouldn't Ignore ItThe more serious causes of abdominal pain and bloating is why you must address any discomfort. These include:
Sensitivity in the gut: According to Dr Girish, people who suffer from IBS may be particularly sensitive to gas, which can result in discomfort, cramps and diarrhoea.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): Normally healthy individuals have comparatively little bacteria in their small intestines. SIBO is a condition where an excessive amount of bacteria accumulate in the small intestine, disrupting the normal digestive process. People who have IBS with diarrhoea, intestinal surgery or both are more likely to have SIBO, which can result in bloating.
Gastroparesis: This disorder results in delayed emptying of the stomach, which can lead to bloating, nausea and even bowel obstruction.
Gynaecological conditions: Bloating can occasionally be brought on by gynaecological diseases, such as issues with your ovaries or uterus. Dr Girish recommends getting a pelvic check-up from a gynaecologist every year.
Also Read: Why You May Experience Heartburn And Diarrhoea During Periods: Do's And Don'ts
Symptoms That Comes Along With Abdominal BloatingAbdominal bloating is not the only symptom you experience when you have a digestive issue. You could also experience regular burping, belching or belly rumbling or gurgling. Severe bloating may be accompanied by other troubling symptoms, like:
Here's how you can prevent abdominal bloating:
Bloating can become a serious issue if you leave it untreated for a long time. It is important to make proper lifestyle choices and avoid triggering foods that lead to it. Recognise the cause of your symptoms and consult a healthcare professional for effective treatment.
Blocked Up? These 10 Foods Will Help You Finally Go To The Bathroom
The symptoms of constipation—bloating, cramping, nausea, a general feeling of heaviness—are pretty abysmal. But what's almost worst than being backed up is not knowing when you'll get some relief. Will you be near a bathroom when the urge hits or in the middle of a long training ride? Or will you slog through another workout feeling weighed down and uncomfortable?
If constipation lingers (i.E., you're consistently having fewer than three bowel movements per week) or it's accompanied by other symptoms like bleeding, blood in your stool, unexplained weight loss, constant abdominal pain, vomiting, or fever, you should check in with your doctor. But if you deal with the occasional bout of constipation, you may be able to resolve the issue on your own with a few dietary tweaks.
With the help of Joanna Gregg, MS, RD, dietitian with MyFitnessPal, and Marie Spano, MS, RD, CSCS, CSSD, sports dietitian nutritionist, we've compiled the ultimate list of foods that make you poop. Keep your kitchen stocked with a few of your favorites and add them to your meals the next time your digestive system needs a nudge.
1. AvocadosClaudia Totir - Getty Images
Most of us know about fiber and its importance to bowel regularity, but getting the recommended 25 to 35 grams daily can seem daunting. Americans get an average of only about 14 grams, Spano says.
Enter the avocado. "Half an avocado contains about 5 grams of fiber, meeting about 20 percent of the recommended daily amount," Gregg says. She recommends adding it to whole wheat toast with a sprinkle of flax seeds, but you can also toss it in a salad or blend it up in a smoothie.
2. Berrieslingqi xie - Getty Images
Berries, specifically raspberries and blackberries, are an excellent source of insoluble fiber. "Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water but stays intact as it moves through the digestive system, helping add bulk to the stool," Gregg explains. A one-cup serving of raspberries or blackberries contains 8 grams of fiber, and the same amount of blueberries contains 4 grams. "Adding berries to your breakfast is a great way to jumpstart your GI tract for the day," Gregg says.
3. SpinachImage Source - Getty Images
Darky, leafy greens like spinach are rich in fiber, as well as magnesium. "Magnesium is a nutrient that helps the colon contract and pulls water into the digestive tract," Gregg says.
Add a cup of cooked spinach to your plate and you'll boost your fiber intake by 4 grams and rack up 157 milligrams of magnesium, which is close to half of the recommended daily amount.
4. OatsArx0nt - Getty Images
Consider swapping your breakfast pastry or bowl of sugary cereal for a cup of cooked oats, which contains 4 grams of soluble fiber. "Soluble fiber dissolves in water and other bodily fluids and creates a gel that promotes bowel movements," Gregg says.
Beta Glucan, the specific type of soluble fiber found in oats, has also been linked to other potential gut and heart-related health benefits.
5. Prune Juicezia_shusha - Getty Images
Your grandma was onto something. "Prunes and prune juice are natural sources of fiber and sorbitol," Spano explains. "Sorbitol is a natural laxative that holds onto water, softening stool and helping you go." One cup of prune juice also serves up nearly 3 grams of fiber.
Despite its reputation, prune juice is actually pretty tasty on its own, especially when served cold. But if you struggle to choke down a glass, try cutting it with sparkling water or adding it to your favorite fruit and veggie smoothie.
6. Chia SeedsMykola Sosiukin - Getty Images
Often, when you're feeling bloated, the last thing you want to do is consume a full meal. "Just one tablespoon of chia seeds contains about 4 grams of fiber, and they go to work fast without making you feel stuffed," Spano says. (Double that amount and you'll also get more than 4 grams of protein and nearly 9 grams of healthy fat.)
Sprinkle the supremely crunchy but subtly flavored seeds over a light salad, or whip them up in a smoothie. If you're in the mood for a sweet (but still nutritious) treat, you can use chia seeds to make tapioca-like pudding, energy balls, or a fruit jam.
7. BeansVlad Fishman - Getty Images
Beans (as well as other legumes, like chickpeas and lentils) are the trusty workhorses of the digestive tract. They're inexpensive, versatile, easy to prepare, and offer a massive bang for your buck in the fiber department, considering some varieties have more than 10 grams per cup.
"Beans are packed with both soluble and insoluble fiber to keep your bowels moving," Gregg says. "Black beans, chickpeas, kidney beans, and pinto beans are a great addition to many salads and dishes to increase the fiber content and promote gut motility."
8. YogurtATU Images - Getty Images
"Yogurt and dairy products containing 'live and active cultures' contain probiotics that promote gut health," Gregg says. When scanning the nutrition label, look for Lactobacillus acidophilus, she adds. "It's the most common probiotic in these products and is beneficial for warding off bad bacteria in the gut and promoting overall GI health."
A container of store-bought yogurt makes a convenient and portable snack, but if you want to treat yourself to a GI-friendly dessert, make a high-fiber yogurt parfait with layers of berries and granola made with oats and chia seeds.
9. CoffeeMargarita Almpanezou - Getty Images
You're not imagining it—that morning cup of coffee gets you going in more ways than one. "Caffeine being a stimulant, it's no surprise coffee gets your bowels moving," Gregg says. "Drinking a cup of black coffee can increase gut motility and stimulate the bowels."
If you tend to avoid caffeine, research shows that a cup of decaf may also help induce a bowel movement, just to a lesser degree than the fully-caffeinated stuff.
10. AlmondsKinga Krzeminska - Getty Images
A handful of almonds—the healthy grazer's go-to—can stave off hunger until the next meal and help you poop. "Almonds are a great source of fiber, coming in at 4 grams of fiber for one ounce," Gregg says, which is about a small handful.
Pretty much any nut or seed is a solid snack choice when you're constipated. "Pecans and walnuts have about 2 grams of fiber per one-ounce serving," Gregg says. "Also, nuts and seeds are excellent sources of magnesium, another nutrient with bowel benefits."
What you eat greatly influences how your bowels operate, but diet isn't the only factor to consider. Here are two more tips for getting and staying regular.
Get Up and GoYet another reason to get your workout done first thing. "The earlier you wake up, the earlier your GI tract wakes up," Gregg says. "Getting your body moving in the morning will send blood flow to all the body systems and allow your digestive tract time to clear before you start your day." Having a regular bedtime and wake-up time can also keep bathroom breaks regular.
Stop Skipping Breakfast"Our bodies are designed to void in the morning when intestinal contractions are high," Gregg says. "The digestive tract's natural response after eating and drinking is to move the contents of the bowel forward. Eating a daily breakfast that contains high-fiber foods is a great way to start your bowels moving in the right direction."
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