Chronic Venous Insufficiency With Emphasis on the Geriatric Population
What Are The Risk Factors For Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Several factors can increase a person's risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) development. Examples include injury to the veins, hormonal changes, reduced blood flow, certain health conditions, and more.
DVT is a blood clot that occurs in a vein deep within the body, typically in the leg. DVT risk factors may be transient, or temporary, such as pregnancy or recovering from surgery. They can also be persistent, such as cancer or living with a chronic health condition.
Knowing a person's risk factor for DVT can help healthcare professionals identify and treat DVT faster if it occurs. It can also allow a person to take steps to help reduce their risk.
This article reviews the various risk factors for DVT and discusses prevention tips, when to contact a doctor, and more.
Injury to veins can increase the risk of a person developing DVT. Some causes of vein injury include:
Hormone changes can influence the risk a person has for developing DVT. In particular, an increase in estrogen can increase a person's risk of DVT.
Some causes of estrogen increase include:
Reduced blood flow can increase the risk of DVT development.
Inactivity may cause reduced blood flow in several people. Factors that can result in inactivity and increase the risk include:
Wearing a cast following an injury may also reduce blood flow.
Certain medical conditions and infections can increase the risk of DVT.
Some chronic conditions that may increase a person's risk include:
Infections such as sepsis and COVID-19 may also increase a person's risk of DVT.
Other factors can contribute to DVT risk. They include:
A person can inherit some risk factors for DVT.
The identified inherited clotting disorders that can increase the risk of DVT include:
Having a non-O blood group and a family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism increases the risk of DVT.
The exact number of people who develop DVT is unclear. Estimates suggest that about 900,000 people will develop venous thromboembolism — either DVT or a pulmonary embolism — each year in the United States.
Approximately 60,000–100,000 people will die due to venous thromboembolism each year.
Knowing the risk factors and taking steps to reduce these can help a person reduce the likelihood of developing DVT.
A person may be able to take steps to reduce the likelihood of developing DVT.
Steps a person can take to help reduce their risk include:
Wearing graduated compression stockings may also help reduce the risk of DVT. A doctor can advise on what class of compression stockings a person should wear and for how long they should wear them.
A person should contact a doctor if they develop symptoms that could indicate DVT. These include:
A person can also contact their doctor for advice if they have concerns about the risk factors for DVT. Their doctor can assess their risk and advise on steps they can take to reduce the likelihood of developing the condition.
The doctor can also advise on suitable treatments for DVT. Treating DVT can help reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal in some cases.
Learn more about the symptoms of DVT.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has several potential risk factors. They include injury to veins, chronic health conditions, infections, surgery, and trauma. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing DVT include hormone changes, obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 40 years.
A person can contact their doctor for advice if they have concerns about the risk factors for DVT. The doctor can recommend lifestyle changes to help manage the risk. In some cases, they may also recommend medications such as anticoagulants.
People should also contact a doctor if they develop symptoms of DVT, such as pain or tenderness, swelling, or feeling of firm veins.
Ilhan Omar's Daughter, Isra Hirsi, Boasted About Being So 'hyper-woke,' Pals Call Her 'the PC Police'
The daughter of Minnesota Rep. Ilhan Omar — kicked out of her college dorm at prestigious $90,000-per-year Barnard last week following her arrest for protesting against Israel — has previously boasted of her pride in being "hyper-woke".
During a Ted Talk in February 2020, Isra Hirsi, 21, told the audience she had become known as "token activist, the politically correct (PC) police, and the angry black girl" for "always" speaking up against "something offensive or problematic". "
"I would say something all the time and kids in my classes used to get super annoyed at me pointing out everything even if it was slightly sexist…but I was proud of it," she said during the talk she titled "the angry black girl".
Isra Hirsi is paraded onto an NYPD bus after being arrested, along with more than 100 other anti-Israel protesters on Thursday, April 18, 2024. Matthew McDermott for NY Post"Eventually people got really annoyed of me being hyper-woke.
"The titles kept coming in and I really claimed the title of being 'the PC Police'."
Hirsi, a member of the anti-Israel student group Columbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), said she wanted to "use the hyper-woke part of my personality to do some real change".
"So I joined everything: climate stuff, gun violence prevention," she explained.
"I felt like I had to and because it also became my brand. I would call out injustices. When you join so many white-dominated groups you feel really alienated."
Hirsi didn't immediately respond to The Post's request for comment.
Hirsi was one of more than 100 anti-Israel protesters arrested by New York police on the campus of Columbia University last Thursday for refusing to clear out from a tent encampment on the Ivy League school's campus.
Hirsi's mother has since spoken out about her daughter's arrest, saying she is "enormously proud" of her for taking a stand. Instagram/Isra Hirsi Isra Hirsi (right), her mother and their family.Hirsi said she was held in custody for roughly eight hours, then complained about not getting support from her Barnard, which informed her she had been suspended the same day.
"I was a little bit frantic, like, where am I going to sleep? Where am I gonna go?" she told Teen Vogue after learning she'd been evicted from campus housing and banned from using the dining hall.
"And also all of my s—t is thrown in a random lot. It's pretty horrible."
The disgraced student appears to still have the unwavering supporte of her Democratic "squad" member mom, who posted she is " enormously proud" of her daughter.
In a statement on Sunday, CUAD distanced itself from what it said were "media distractions focusing on inflammatory individuals who do not represent us".
"Our members have been misidentified by a politically-motivated mob," the CUAD statement said.
The 21-year-old was one of more than 100 people arrested and summoned for trespassing by NYPD officers. Instagram/Isra Hirsi"We have been doxxed in the press, arrested by the NYPD [New York Police Department], and locked out of our homes by the university.
"We have knowingly put ourselves in danger because we can no longer be complicit in Columbia funnelling our tuition dollars and grant funding into companies that profit from death."
The group is seeking to get the university to divest stocks, funds and endowments from companies which invest in Israel, including Caterpillar, Hyundai Heavy Industries, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Elbit Systems, Mekorot, Hapoalim, Boeing, and Lockheed Martin.
Hyper-sexual "zombie Cicadas" That Are Infected With Sexually Transmitted Fungus Expected To Emerge This Year
Two broods of cicadas expected in spring
Two broods of cicadas expected in spring 03:44Trillions of cicadas will emerge across several U.S. States this spring in an event one expert dubbed "cicada-geddon." Not only are more cicadas than usual expected this year, but some of them will be "zombie cicadas" that are infected by a sexually transmitted fungus that makes them hyper-sexual.
Periodical cicadas spend most of their lives underground and only emerge after 13 or 17 years. This year, two broods of cicadas will emerge: Brood XIX, which comes out every 13 years, will emerge in the Georgia and Southeast, and Brood XIII, which emerges every 17 years, will appear in Illinois.
With this convergence, the bugs will arrive in numbers that have not been seen in generations.
Matthew Kasson, an associate professor of Mycology and Forest Pathology at West Virginia University, says both of these broods can be infected by a fungal pathogen called Massospora cicadina.
Once the cicadas emerge from the ground, they molt into adults, and within a week to 10 days, the fungus causes the backside of their abdomens open up. A chalky, white plug erupts out, taking over their bodies and making their genitals fall off.
The fungus on the backside of a cicada. A chalky, white plug erupts out, taking over their bodies and making their genitals fall off. Matthew Kasson "The cicada continues to participate in normal activities, like it would if it was healthy," Kasson told CBS News. "Like it tries to mate, it flies around, it walks on plants. Yet, a third of its body has been replaced by fungus. That's really kind of bizarre."
Kasson said the reason the cicadas might be able to ignore the fungus is that it produces an amphetamine, which could give them stamina.
"But there's also something else unusual about it," he said. "There's this hyper-sexualized behavior. So, males for example, they'll continue to try and mate with females — unsuccessfully, because again, their back end is a fungus. But they'll also pretend to be females to get males to come to them. And that doubles the number of cicadas that an infected individual comes in contact with."
Usually, male cicadas will let out a loud humming sound to attracted female cicadas and the female will flick her wings to signal she wants to mate. But the fungus has males flicking their wings like females to attract males and in turn, infect them, Kasson says.
A cicada infected with Massospora cicadina – a fungal pathogen. Matthew Kasson "In that way, the fungus is sexually transmissible. So, it spreads like an STD," he said.
Kasson said where the fungus originates is still unclear. "A lot of this is still unclear because there's a lot that happens below our feet," he said.
Massospora cicadina produces spores on the cicadas and it is suspected that when the cicadas die, the spores get into the soil and infect other cicadas underground.
"In the month leading up to them emerging all together in a spectacular fashion, they're waiting there, sub-surface, for the soil to reach 64 degrees," Kasson said. It's suspected the cicadas are infected when they are waiting underground, or when they are born and dig themselves into the soil, coming in contact with the fungus spores.
Fungus usually needs a host, like an insect, to carry the spores and spread the infection. Then, it kills the host.
"The cicada continues to participate in normal activities, like it would if it was healthy," Kasson told CBS News. "Like it tries to mate, it flies around, it walks on plants. Yet, a third of its body has been replaced by fungus. That's really kind of bizarre." Matthew Kasson It's suspected the Massospora cicadina fungus lays dormant for years and then begins to become a "puppet master" when the cicadas reach adulthood, Kasson said. "Because this is such a bizarre life cycle for an insect, the fungus has had to change its strategy. So, it basically keeps the host alive long enough to maximize dispersal," he said.
It is unclear how the fungus would affect other wildlife or humans, but Kasson said in his research, he's observed thousands of compounds in infected cicadas and some could be toxic.
"We know that a lot of animals are gobbling these cicadas up as they're emerging — snakes and birds. Is it possible they're having an effect on the animals that eat them? Yes, it is possible." But, he said, less than 5% of cicadas are infected with the fungus and researchers have yet to observe any impact on other wildlife.
Kasson urges people not to eat the cicadas or kill them, but to take photos if they see the fugus on the bugs and share them with online science communities, like iNaturalist, to help researchers.
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Caitlin O'Kane
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